Traditionally, the Four Noble Truths, presented by The Buddha in the Dhammacakkappavattana sutta (Setting in Motion the Wheel of Truth), are translated and understood as statements of fact about the nature of experience:
- Dukkha: life is composed of suffering.
- Taṇhā: the origin of suffering is clinging to or craving permanence, or having a fix view of things in a universe where change is the operational principle.
- Nibbāna: the end of suffering is "blowing-out" craving.
- Noble Eight-fold Path: is the path to the cessation of suffering.
Stephen Batchelor interprets them in light of other suttas which emphasize that we are what we do as opposed to how we are born. Doing, not Being:
- fully knowing suffering
- letting go of craving
- experience cessation [of craving]
- cultivating an eightfold path